Cac chieu lua dao nham vao nguoi nuoc ngoai o Nhat va cach phong tranh

Quick answer (30 giay): Nguoi nuoc ngoai o Nhat thuong gap mot bo chieu lua quen thuoc — tin rao cho thue gia va lua "dat coc ngay", viec lam gia hua bao lanh visa, chao moi "dau tu" tien ma hoa va qua mang xa hoi (SNS), lua tinh cam roi chuyen sang xin tien, va lua qua dien thoai khi ke gian tu xung la canh sat, cuc xuat nhap canh hay ngan hang cua ban. Mot quy tac danh bai gan het cac chieu nay: co quan that, chu nha that va ngan hang that khong bao gio doi ban thanh toan gap, the qua tang, tien ma hoa hay the rut tien qua dien thoai hoac tin nhan. Neu ban bi thuc ep hanh dong nhanh va giu im lang, do la lua dao. Tro giup mien phi: goi 188 (Consumer Hotline), #9110 (tu van canh sat ngoai khan cap), hoac 110 khi khan cap.

Disclaimer: Day la thong tin chung ve an toan tieu dung, khong phai tu van phap ly. Neu ban da mat tien hoac tu cach luu tru co the bi anh huong, hay xac nhan tinh huong cua ban truc tiep voi canh sat, Co quan Bao ve Nguoi tieu dung hoac Co quan Quan ly Xuat nhap canh qua cac so chinh thuc o duoi.

Vi sao nguoi nuoc ngoai bi nham toi

Ke lua dao tim nguoi con la voi quy tac dia phuong, chua chac ai moi la co quan "that su", va thuong dang giao tiep bang ngon ngu thu hai. Mot yeu cau ma nguoi song lau nam se cuoi gat — "canh sat can ban chuyen tien sang mot tai khoan an toan" — lai co the nghe co ly neu ban chua biet cac co quan o Nhat thuc su hoat dong ra sao. Them rao can ngon ngu va xa cach gia dinh, ban tro thanh muc tieu gia tri cao hon.

Day khong phai van de nho. National Police Agency (NPA) cua Nhat theo doi mot nhom goi la special fraud (tokushu sagi, cac chieu lua qua dien thoai va gia danh o duoi). Nam 2025 ca so vu lan thiet hai deu tang manh so voi nam truoc, va lua dao gia danh canh sat tro thanh loai tang nhanh nhat, do nhung ke goi dien ep nan nhan "bao ve" tien tiet kiem. Rieng lua dao dau tu va tinh cam qua SNS cung bung no. Khong rieng nguoi nuoc ngoai moi gap — nhung nhieu kich ban nay nham thang vao cu dan khong phai nguoi Nhat.

Mot quy tac danh bai gan nhu moi chieu lua

Truoc khi xem danh muc, hay thuoc long dieu nay. O Nhat, to chuc hop phap khong:

• Yeu cau ban tra phi, tien phat hay "dat coc" bang the qua tang, the tra truoc, tien ma hoa, hoac ma thanh toan o cua hang tien loi (konbini).
• Bao ban rut tien mat hoac chuyen tien sang "tai khoan an toan" de bao ve no.
• Doi ban doc ma PIN the rut tien, hoac cu nguoi den tan nha de "thu" the cua ban.
• De doa bat hoac truc xuat ngay tru khi ban tra tien ngay va khong noi cho ai.

Canh sat, cuc xuat nhap canh, co quan thue va ngan hang cua ban se khong bao gio lam nhung viec nay qua dien thoai. Neu thay bat ky dau hieu nao, hay dung lai, cup may va tu kiem chung doc lap.

1. Lua dao thue nha, dat coc va tin rao gia

Cach hoat dong. Mot can ho qua hap dan xuat hien tren cho rao vat hoac nhom mang xa hoi nham vao nguoi nuoc ngoai. "Chu nha" hoac "moi gioi" dang o nuoc ngoai, khong cho xem phong duoc, nhung se giu cho ban neu ban chuyen tien dat coc hoac tien thue thang dau ngay hom nay. Tin rao la gia (anh thuong bi danh cap tu mot tin that), hoac can ho khong he ton tai.

Cach nhan biet.

• Ban bi yeu cau tra tien truoc khi xem nha tan mat hoac ky hop dong dang hoang.
• Thanh toan bang chuyen khoan vao tai khoan ca nhan, tien ma hoa, hoac mot ung dung la.
• Moi gioi tranh gap mat va ep ban bang cau "co nguoi khac dang muon thue".

Nen lam gi. Hay dung cong ty bat dong san (fudosan) co dang ky va co van phong thuc te; chi phi don vao hop phap duoc tra theo hop dong da ky, khong phai chuyen di de "giu cho". Dung bao gio gui tien dat coc cho mot noi ban chua xem. Xem trung tam nha o va doi song de hieu chi phi don vao va hop dong hop phap hoat dong ra sao.

2. Lua dao viec lam gia va bao lanh visa

Cach hoat dong. Mot "nha tuyen dung" chao mot cong viec tien loi kem theo bao lanh visa, roi xin mot khoan phi "xu ly", "dao tao" hoac "nop ho so visa" tra truoc — hoac xin thong tin ho chieu va the luu tru cua ban de "bat dau lam giay to". Mot so chi la lua tien thuan tuy; so khac thu thap danh tinh cua ban hoac loi keo ban vao lao dong bat hop phap.

Cach nhan biet.

• Ban bi yeu cau tra tien de co viec, hoac tra cho mot nguoi bao lanh de lay Giay chung nhan Du dieu kien (Certificate of Eligibility).
• "Nha tuyen dung" muon ho chieu, My Number, hoac the luu tru cua ban truoc bat ky cuoc phong van hay hop dong thuc su nao.
• Cong ty mo ho, ep quyet dinh nhanh, luong cao bat thuong so voi vi tri.

Nen lam gi. Mot nha tuyen dung that khong thu tien de tuyen ban, va le phi giay to xuat nhap canh nop cho nha nuoc chu khong phai cho moi gioi trung gian. Hay xac minh cong ty co that va co dia chi thuc. De hieu cong viec hop phap va co ban ve tu cach luu tru di voi nhau ra sao, xem lam viec va hoc tap. Neu mot "nguoi bao lanh" doi tien mat, hay coi do la lua dao.

3. Lua dao dau tu va tien ma hoa

Cach hoat dong. Thuong bat dau bang mot lien he than thien qua SNS hoac ung dung nhan tin (doi khi sau mot tin "nham so") roi tu tu gioi thieu mot khoan dau tu khong the thua, mot nen tang tien ma hoa, hoac mot ung dung giao dich. "Loi nhuan" nho ban dau duoc cho thay de tao long tin; sau do ban duoc khuyen nap them. Khi ban thu rut tien, bong nhien co "thue" hoac "phi", va cuoi cung nen tang bien mat.

Cach nhan biet.

• Loi nhuan dam bao hoac cao bat thuong, su gap gap, va mot "co van" rieng.
• Mot ung dung hoac trang giao dich ma ban chi vao duoc qua duong dan ho gui.
• Ban phai tra phi/thue de rut chinh "loi nhuan" cua minh.

Nen lam gi. Khong co khoan dau tu hop phap nao duoc dam bao. Chi dung cac cong ty moi gioi va san giao dich co dang ky voi Co quan Dich vu Tai chinh cua Nhat (Financial Services Agency), va dung bao gio de mot nguoi la tu phong chat dieu khien tien cua ban. De biet co ban ve tai khoan va thanh toan, xem tien va the.

4. Lua dao tinh cam va qua SNS

Cach hoat dong. Mot moi quan he am ap tren mang xay dung trong nhieu tuan qua ung dung hen ho hoac mang xa hoi. Nguoi ay luon khong the gap, roi gap mot khung hoang — vien phi, phi hai quan cho mon qua, mot giao dich tien bi ket — va can ban giup. Hoac moi tinh cam tron tru bien thanh mot "co hoi dau tu" (xem o tren), mot mau hinh ma canh sat hien theo doi duoi ten lua tinh cam qua SNS.

Cach nhan biet.

• Cuong do tang nhanh, nhung ho khong bao gio goi video hay gap truc tiep.
• Mot loi xin tien luon di sau, duoc dien dat nhu mot tinh huong khan cap hoac mot co hoi.
• Ho keo ban roi nen tang sang mot kenh rieng tu.

Nen lam gi. Dung bao gio gui tien hay tien ma hoa cho nguoi ban chua tung gap mat. Tim anh nguoc (reverse image search) cac buc anh cua ho thuong lo ra mot danh tinh bi danh cap. Hay ngung lien lac va to giac.

5. Lua qua dien thoai: gia canh sat, gia xuat nhap canh, gia ngan hang ("ore-ore" nguoi than)

Day la nhom special fraud gay thiet hai lon nhat o Nhat, va cac kich ban ngay cang nham vao nguoi nuoc ngoai.

Cach hoat dong.

• Gia canh sat / gia cong to vien: mot ke goi dien (doi khi la cuoc goi video gia cho thay "dong phuc") noi ban lien quan toi mot vu pham toi hoac rua tien va phai "chung minh ban vo toi" bang cach chuyen het tien sang mot tai khoan chi dinh, hoac giao tien mat cho mot "can bo" se den cho ban. Day la loai lua dao tang nhanh nhat nam 2025.
• Gia xuat nhap canh: mot cuoc goi tu dong hoac truc tiep noi co van de voi tu cach luu tru cua ban hoac so dien thoai cua ban se bi dinh chi, roi chuyen ban sang mot "can bo phu trach" doi tien hoac thong tin ca nhan va ngan hang.
• Lua hoan tien (kanpukin sagi): mot ke goi tu "uy ban thanh pho" hoac "luong huu" noi ban duoc hoan tien va dan ban toi mot may ATM — noi cac nut ho bao ban bam thuc chat lai gui tien cua ban cho ho.
• Ore-ore / nguoi than gap nan: mot ke gia lam ho hang dang gap rac roi can tien gap. (It pho bien voi nguoi nuoc ngoai, nhung van nen biet.)

Cach nhan biet.

• Bat ky co quan nha nuoc hay ngan hang nao bao ban chuyen tien, mua the, hoac thao tac ATM theo huong dan cua ho.
• De doa bat, truc xuat, dinh chi tai khoan, hoac phat tien tru khi ban tra ngay va khong noi cho ai.
• Mot ke chuyen ban qua lai giua cac "phong ban" hoac khang khang giu ban tren duong day.

Nen lam gi. Cup may. Canh sat, xuat nhap canh va co quan thue that khong bao gio thu tien hoac chuyen tien tiet kiem cua ban qua dien thoai, va khong bao gio cu nguoi den nha de lay the rut tien. Neu khong chac, hay cup may va goi lai bang mot so chinh thuc duoc cong bo — khong phai so ke goi dien dua. Sau do goi #9110 de tu van, hoac 110 neu ban thay nguy hiem.

6. Phishing, tin SMS gia, va lua qua ATM

Cach hoat dong. Mot tin nhan hoac email gia mao mot cong ty giao hang, ngan hang cua ban, mot to chuc phat hanh the, co quan thue, hoac tham chi mot co quan xuat nhap canh, kem mot duong dan toi trang dang nhap gia danh cap mat khau va thong tin the cua ban. Mot so tin nhan noi "tai khoan bi dinh chi" hoac "phi hai quan chua tra". Khi ban dang nhap tren trang gia, ho rut sach tai khoan hoac mua sam.

Cach nhan biet.

• Mot duong dan bat ngo yeu cau ban "xac minh", "cap nhat thanh toan", hoac "giai phong kien hang".
• Dia chi nguoi gui va URL hoi sai; giong dieu khan cap, de doa.
• Yeu cau so the day du, ma PIN, hoac ma dung mot lan (one-time passcode) cua ban.

Nen lam gi. Dung bam vao duong dan trong tin nhan bat ngo — hay vao ung dung chinh thuc cua cong ty hoac tu go dia chi chinh thuc. Ngan hang va to chuc phat hanh the khong bao gio hoi ma PIN hay mat khau day du cua ban. Bat thong bao giao dich va dung ung dung ngan hang chinh thuc. De co thoi quen tai khoan va the an toan, xem tien va the.

Duong day nong chinh thuc (luu lai)

Tinh huong	Goi	Ghi chu
Nguy hiem tuc thi, toi pham dang dien ra	110	Canh sat khan cap. 119 la cuu hoa/cap cuu.
Khong khan cap, hoi "day co phai lua dao?"	#9110	Duong day tu van canh sat (ngoai khan cap).
Rac roi tieu dung, lua dao, hop dong xau, hoan tien	188	Consumer Hotline ("Iyaya!"), chuyen ban toi trung tam tieu dung dia phuong. Chu yeu tieng Nhat.
Khach du lich, tro giup tieu dung da ngon ngu	03-5449-0906	Consumer Hotline for Tourists (NCAC). Tieng Anh, Trung, Han, Thai, Viet, Phap, Nhat. Chi ngay thuong.

Neu khong chac dung so nao: 110 khi nguy hiem, 188 hoac #9110 cho "cai nay co ve lua dao — toi nen lam gi?". Consumer Hotline for Tourists la lua chon da ngon ngu de nhat cho cac van de mua sam/hop dong neu tieng Nhat cua ban con han che.

Tu kiem tra 30 giay truoc khi tra tien hoac bam

1. Co ai dang thuc ep toi va bao toi giu bi mat khong? (Ap luc kieu lua dao.)
2. Co "ngan hang / canh sat / xuat nhap canh / uy ban thanh pho" nao dang bao toi chuyen tien, mua the, hoac dung ATM khong? (Ho khong bao gio lam vay.)
3. Toi co dang tra tien truoc khi xem can ho, gap nha tuyen dung, hoac ky mot hop dong that khong?
4. Cai nay co den tu mot tin nhan bat ngo hoac mot nguoi la tren mang khong?
5. Toi co the tu kiem chung doc lap bang cach goi mot so chinh thuc do chinh toi tra cuu khong?

Neu cau tra loi nao khien ban lo lang, hay dung lai va goi 188 hoac #9110. Cham lai thi mien phi, va do chinh la dieu ke lua dao khong the chiu noi.

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Nguon / cap nhat lan cuoi (2026-06-25): bao cao special fraud va lua dao dau tu/tinh cam qua SNS cua National Police Agency (NPA); Co quan Bao ve Nguoi tieu dung (Consumer Hotline 188); National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan (Consumer Hotline for Tourists, 03-5449-0906); khan cap 110 va tu van canh sat #9110 cua NPA. So duong day nong da kiem chung voi nguon chinh thuc ngay 2026-06-25. Chieu lua thay doi lien tuc — khi nghi ngo, hay xac minh truc tiep voi co quan bang mot so do chinh ban tra cuu.